Kollam(Quilon)
Kollam District – Land of Lakes, Trade, and Tradition
Kollam is one of the most historically significant districts in Kerala, located along the southwestern coast of India. With the Arabian Sea on the west and the majestic Western Ghats to the east, Kollam is a land where history, nature, and culture come together in harmony.
The district is known for its rich maritime heritage, having been a prominent center for international trade for centuries. From ancient times, Kollam maintained trade relations with Romans, Chinese, Arabs, and Portuguese. This legacy continues today through its active ports, cashew industry, and backwater tourism.
One of the iconic natural features of Kollam is the vast Ashtamudi Lake, often called the gateway to Kerala’s backwaters. The lake, with its palm-fringed shores and tranquil waters, supports vibrant ecosystems and offers unforgettable houseboat experiences. The Kallada River and several other water bodies further enhance the district’s charm.
Kollam is also a cultural melting pot, home to a diversity of religious traditions. It was one of the first regions in Kerala to welcome Christian missionaries and traders, especially from the Syrian tradition. Ancient temples, mosques, and churches scattered across the district reflect its spiritual richness.
Industrially, Kollam has earned a reputation as the cashew capital of Kerala, being the headquarters of the Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation. Coir, fishing, and handloom industries also contribute to the local economy.
With its lakes, rivers, hills, forests, historic landmarks, and beaches, Kollam attracts travelers looking for both natural beauty and cultural depth. Whether it is the bustling trade hubs or the serene backwaters, Kollam remains a place where the past and present coexist gracefully.
Anchal
Anchal is a vibrant town situated about 13 kilometers south of Punalur. It is renowned for its bi-monthly cattle markets, which draw buyers and traders from across the region. The town celebrates the Mudi festival at the Bhagavathy Temple once every twelve years, featuring elaborate rituals, traditional dances, and community gatherings. This festivity brings together people from diverse backgrounds to honor the deity and preserve ancient customs. Anchal is also surrounded by lush rubber and spice plantations, adding to its scenic charm. With calm backroads and cultural richness, it offers a glimpse into rural Kerala life that is both authentic and enduring.
Aryankavu
Aryankavu lies approximately 73 kilometers east of Kollam and serves as both a pilgrim hotspot and a gateway to the Palaruvi waterfalls. The Aryankavu Sastha Temple is dedicated to Lord Ayyappa and attracts thousands of worshippers, especially during Mandala Pooja in December. Its shrine features striking sculptures and mural art, reflecting Kerala’s rich temple tradition. Just five kilometers from the town lies Palaruvi Falls, often called the "River of Milk," which cascades roughly 300 feet amid dense forest. Aryankavu also marks a historical trade route through the Western Ghats, once used by merchants. Its convenient accessibility—thanks to railway stops—makes it a popular stop for travelers heading to Shencottah.
Chavara
Located 14 kilometers north of Kollam on the coastal road to Alappuzha, Chavara is known for industrial development and mineral exports. The Kovilthottam port within Chavara Panchayat handles thousands of tons of mineral sand destined for global markets. Key industries include Indian Rare Earths, Kerala Premo Pipe Factory, Kerala Minerals & Metals, and a Titanium Complex, making Chavara a backbone of mineral processing in the region. Besides industry, the town features vibrant coastal communities and sandy shores. Fishing remains an important livelihood, supported by port infrastructure. This blend of industrial vigor and coastal life gives Chavara a unique character in Kollam.
Kundara
Situated about 18 kilometers from Kollam town, Kundara is closely connected via rail and road. The discovery of rich china clay deposits here led to the establishment of the Government Ceramics Limited plant, marking industrial progress in the region. Kundara played a notable role in Kerala's labor history, with strikes at the clay factory emblematic of working-class movements. Sacred shrines and temples dot the town, offering religious engagement for locals and visitors. Kundara's mix of industry, history, and worship makes it an intriguing destination.
Kottarakkara
Located around 27 kilometers from Kollam, Kottarakkara serves as the taluk headquarters and connects via rail and road. Historically, it was the capital of the smaller principality Elayadathu Swarupam, linked to the Travancore royal lineage. The town is widely acknowledged as the birthplace of Kathakali, Kerala’s famed classical dance drama, which gained early royal patronage here. Kottarakkara hosts several ancient temples and local cultural centers that promote classical arts. Visitors can explore heritage trails, witness traditional performances, and enjoy the distinctive flavors of local cuisine.
Kulathupuzha
This forested region lies along the Thiruvananthapuram–Shencottah route, about 10 kilometers south of thenmala railway station. Known for its temple dedicated to local deities, Kulathupuzha is also recognized for its elephant reserve and rich biodiversity. Reeds from this valley help supply the Punalur Paper Mill, demonstrating the area’s ecological and economic importance. Rustic plantations and forested pathways attract hikers and nature enthusiasts. Temple festivals here feature colorful processions and rural customs, highlighting the community’s cultural identity within verdant surrounds.
Mayyanad
Mayyanad, located 10 kilometers south of Kollam, blends spirituality and craftsmanship in a scenic coastal setting. The Umayanallor Subramanian Temple is believed to have been blessed by Sankaracharya of Kaladi, enhancing its sacred status. The village also hosts churches and a mosque, exemplifying Kerala’s communal harmony. Traditional occupations such as cotton weaving and oil pressing continue alongside modern trades. The coastal landscape and serene waterways make Mayyanad an ideal spot for cultural exploration and peaceful retreats away from urban life.
Neendakara
Around 8 kilometers north of Kollam, Neendakara is the site of the Indo-Norwegian Fisheries Project, established in 1953. The project spawned key institutions: the Sakthikulangara boat-building yard, the Fishermen’s Training Institute, an ice factory, and a refrigeration facility. Neendakara Port remains the heart of the district’s fishing industry, supplying fresh catch and sustaining local economies. Helicopter tours over the port and fish markets are increasingly popular with tourists. Mangrove-lined backwaters and beachside pathways contribute to Neendakara’s appeal.
Oachira
Located 32 kilometers north of Kollam on the national highway, Oachira is famous for its Oachira Parabrahma Temple, which notably lacks a traditional structure or deity idol. Devotees worship the divine universal consciousness (Parabrahmam) under open skies. The annual Oachirakkali festival in June is a unique martial art enactment festival held in mud, drawing thousands of participants. The village is known for screw pine mats and handicrafts—specialty products of local artisans. The open-air temple, traditional art forms, and cultural crafts make Oachira a singular destination in Kerala spiritual tourism.
Punalur
Punalur, 45 kilometers upstream along the Kollam–Shencottah railway, is recognized both industrially and historically. The iconic suspension bridge across the Kallada River, built in 1877, once held the title of India's longest of its kind and now serves an archaeological purpose. Nearby, a newer concrete bridge facilitates modern traffic. Punalur supported the rise of the Punalur Paper Mill, and the town is a trading center for timber, rubber, and spices. Cultural centers and hillside trails nearby offer visitors a mix of industry and nature.
Sasthamcotta
About 19 kilometers from Kollam, Sasthamcotta village is famous for its freshwater lake, the largest of its kind in Kerala. Surrounded by hills, the clear lake draws well water that supplies half a million people. A temple dedicated to monkeys, complete with stone sculptures, adds to its pilgrimage significance. Boat rides and lakeside walks around Sasthamcotta are peaceful and scenic. The area is also a health retreat, with local Ayurvedic facilities and guesthouses focused on wellness amid clean air and quiet ambiance.
Kollam district, located in the southern part of Kerala, is a unique blend of natural beauty, historical landmarks, and cultural heritage. With its vast backwaters, coastal charm, ancient temples, and diverse religious centers, Kollam offers something for every traveler.
Thangassery Lighthouse
Rising 144 feet above sea level, the lighthouse at Thangassery—constructed in 1902—is a well-known maritime landmark. The area, once occupied by the Portuguese, Dutch, and British, still holds remnants of their old forts, offering a glimpse into Kollam’s colonial past.
Beaches & Picnic Spots
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Mahatma Gandhi Beach & Park, just 2 km from the town, is a popular evening spot.
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Thirumullavaram Beach, about 5 km away, is ideal for swimming and peaceful coastal walks.
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Asramam Picnic Village, located in a 48-acre complex by Ashtamudi Lake, features an adventure park, boating facilities, and the historic Government Guest House, which dates back over 200 years.
Boating & Backwaters
Adventure seekers can explore the serene Ashtamudi Lake by cruise boats, motorboats, or houseboats, available near the Asramam Adventure Park.
Temples, Churches, and Mosques
Kollam district is known for its religious diversity:
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Ananda Valleswaram Temple draws daily devotees.
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Pullichira Church, established in 1700, is a spiritual and architectural landmark.
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Chinnakkada Mosque is one of the district’s oldest and most prominent mosques.
Thenmala – India’s First Eco-Tourism Destination
Nestled on the eastern edge of Kollam district, Thenmala is India’s pioneering planned eco-tourism destination. Surrounded by lush forests and set near the foothills of the Western Ghats, this serene town blends adventure, nature, and conservation in a unique way.
The word "Thenmala" translates to "honey hill", a name inspired by the area's high-quality natural honey. The landscape features gently sloping hills, rich biodiversity, and the scenic Thenmala Dam, built across the Kallada River. The dam and its reservoir are not only vital for irrigation and hydroelectric power, but also form a stunning backdrop for nature tourism.
Thenmala’s eco-tourism project is divided into three main zones:
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Culture Zone – Includes an amphitheater for performances, a sculpture garden, and a musical dancing fountain.
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Adventure Zone – Offers activities like mountain biking, rock climbing, rope bridge walks, and trekking.
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Leisure Zone – Designed for relaxation with nature trails, butterfly safari, and forest walks.
Visitors can also enjoy boat rides, nature interpretation centers, and treetop accommodations that provide a deeper experience of the forest environment. The surrounding Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary is home to rare flora and fauna, adding to the ecological significance of the area.
Thenmala is a perfect getaway for nature lovers, families, students, and eco-conscious travelers. It stands as a model for sustainable tourism in India—where nature is not just admired, but also protected.
